Chapter 2586: Man is stronger than nature
Chang''an.
?Fei Qian was a little surprised when he received the news that Cao Cao was conducting a large-scale crackdown on officials and spies.
Pigeon Express, the mission will be achieved.
??It''s a pity that those informants couldn''t be packed up at once and sent back to Chang''an by express delivery...
In history, Cao Cao seems to have never done such a thing.
Such a change, I don’t know whether it should be considered a good thing or a bad thing.
??But in any case, the actions of hunting down spies under Cao Cao''s rule did bring a certain danger to the informants sent by Fei Qian to Cao Cao''s side.
"I have ordered that those who have not been exposed should hide for a while and do not act rashly," Fei Qian told Pang Tong, "I guess what the Prime Minister did is just a gust of wind and cannot last long... In addition, let Changshan Taiyuan, Tongguan Hangu, Wuguan Wancheng is ready to mobilize some capable soldiers. If necessary, small troops can be dispatched to respond. Well, just in the name of patrolling and hunting..."
Pang Tong nodded and took note.
There is only so much that Fei Qian can do for these guys now.
"By the way, Derun," Fei Qian was silent for a while, hesitating a little, but he still turned to Kan Ze and said, "If someone is really arrested, most of them will be transferred to Xu County and thrown into prison for strict interrogation." …If he is lax and involves too much, so that others are in danger...On the one hand, the relevant people must be notified in time, and on the other hand..."
Kan Ze understood and responded: "I should inform you where to take action and make people ready." 』
?Fei Qian nodded slightly.
Such an order may cause some people to die, but it will also protect the survival of some people.
?Fei Qian has to think about issues like this almost every day, and sometimes he has to give up some of his original cognitions and emotions.
Sending troops directly to Cao Cao’s administration to support him?
Like Saving the Soldiers?
Even Migou knows that this thing is a movie. In later generations, millions of insects died in the United States, and they didn’t even move an eyebrow. How could they still expect that what was shown in the movie was true?
Save people, of course I will do it.
But there is also a degree.
It is like the humane spirit that existed in ancient China.
『If a father and a son are both in the army, the father will return; if both brothers are in the army, the older brother will return; if an only son has no brothers, he will return to support. "Wars still have to be fought by people, and it doesn''t mean that everyone goes home for the sake of so-called "humanitarianism." This was said by Wei Wuji, recorded in historical records, and later often used by Chinese generals in other eras.
China has always had this spirit, but it’s just not as loud as the United States. In fact, speaking of it, isn''t this better than the United States pretending to be confused and sending all three brothers to the battlefield knowing that they are all serving? The so-called adaptation of real events means that the fact that the three brothers went to the battlefield is real. As for the following ones, they are adapted.
So I have to admire that in some respects, the United States of later generations has long suppressed China in the spiritual battlefield. And after being beaten up and bruised all over, some people in China even developed Stockholm Syndrome...
Fei Qian believes that this is due to the lack of education.
In addition, there are some people who, intentionally or unintentionally, overgeneralize, take a small problem and magnify it infinitely, and then confuse the facts by saying some facts instead of words...
Just like rescuing these people, I will naturally do it, but there will always be people saying why not send a plane? After the plane was dispatched, some people said that my husband, my father, and I have such-and-such positions, and I have to take priority. Why should a commoner and a pariah be in front of me...
Officials are always a very important part of politics.
Human civilization is always progressing in its continuous development, and China is no exception. In this process, outstanding talents are an indispensable part of the development process, so a good talent training and selection system is particularly important.
Cultivation involves the education system.
Selection is naturally related to the bureaucracy.
The education system affects the bureaucracy, and the bureaucracy also affects the education system. Therefore, in later generations, many times it seems that it is a matter of academic circles, beasts, teachers'' ethics, or books, but in fact it involves more than just the education system.
What Fei Qian wants to do now is to build a system.
The bureaucratic system also includes the educational system.
China has a long history and culture. In order to ensure that outstanding talents can continue to contribute to the construction of the country, all dynasties have been constantly exploring and improving the talent selection system.
From the early hereditary system and the imperial examination system to the imperial examination system in the Han Dynasty, to the nine-rank Zhongzheng system in the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, and later the imperial examination system in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, they are all the crystallization of the wisdom of the Chinese ancestors.
??It''s like scolding the previous steamed buns when you''re full after eating the last steamed bun. Without the exploration and research of generations of ancestors, who can know what model should be used to select talents?
?Fei Qian wanted to implement the imperial examination system earlier. Because the imperial examination system was proven to be effective and had a huge influence on China, it was a talent selection system that was continued to be used even in later generations.
To open up people’s wisdom, it is easy to shout slogans but difficult to implement them in practice.
To a certain extent, the imperial examination is to enlighten the people’s wisdom to a certain extent.
Knowledge was originally monopolized and has always been attempted to be monopolized.
? King Wen of Zhou killed the witches and allowed the knowledge to "open up the people''s wisdom" from the witches and reach the hands of the nobles.
?Then the nobility of the Spring and Autumn Period tried to monopolize knowledge, and then Qin Shihuang came on the scene and beat the old aristocrats of the Six Kingdoms until they could no longer take care of themselves, thus moving knowledge from the aristocracy to more aristocratic families...
Fei Qian believes that if nothing else happens, the expansion of knowledge, that is, "opening up people''s wisdom", is such repeated development, evolution and diffusion. Not only are the currently controlled classes constantly trying to monopolize, and they are constantly greedy to absorb excess profits, but they are also demanded by a wider range. At an irreconcilable moment, a huge conflict breaks out, and the original monopoly class is killed. It was overthrown, hung on a street lamp, and then expanded to a wider area, and then gradually a new one grew out of the ruins, a new monopoly class that was more numerous than the previous group.
This is the process of "opening up people''s wisdom" identified by Fei Qian.
And this process is irreversible. That is similar to entropy increase.
Because humans are curious.
So in later generations, those who have monopoly on knowledge and control the media will simply use junk information, boring videos, and the push of big data to occupy the time that humans should originally acquire knowledge through curiosity to delay this "entropy increase." process".
?But some people will still wake up. Not everyone is willing to lie flat, even if they say they want to lie flat, or even spread out...
?Fei Qian asked Kan Ze to do something, and then asked Pang Tong to convene a meeting with some core figures.
At least, among the people surrounding Fei Qian at the moment, no one was lying flat.
After the spring plowing, the imperial examination must be implemented in all counties. ” Fei Qian said slowly, “Only if the county-level imperial examination system is established, this can last long. 』
Fei Qian first made a general request, and then explained: "The reason why the former Qin Dynasty defeated the six countries was that military titles were its most important factor." All the people of Qin were striving to be the first, but only the princes of the Six Kingdoms were striving to be the first. 』
?Those who win the hearts and minds of the people win the world. The system of the Qin Dynasty at that time was a realistic OnLine version of the upgraded version of monster fighting for all.
From pushing down the mobs, to elite monsters, and then to knocking down six big bosses, Qin Shihuang once wanted to find the Xiongnu’s next target, but unfortunately he failed to successfully transfer the battlefield...
In different stages of history, the individual rulers are different, and the concept of "people", or its scope of understanding, is always shaking and changing. Just like in later generations, when people grew up under a red flag, some officials would naturally blurt out words such as "untouchable" and "difficult people".
When you find one cockroach in your home, it often means there are more than one. Killing a cockroach is not difficult, but getting rid of them from your home becomes much more difficult.
What Fei Qian can do is to talk more thoroughly with these top think tanks at the beginning, and then make the protective net stronger, and then leave some methods that can be reinforced, prevented, and repaired. , as for what it will ultimately be like thousands of years later, Fei Qian doesn’t know.
"During the Pre-Qin Dynasty, they used Guanzhong, Sichuan and Shu to support their army and fought against the six kingdoms. The people could not get millet and wine, and the king could not get new clothes..." Fei Qian said slowly, "Now Hangu is used to occupy Shandong. Don''t mention it, everyone." The people can also drink wine and get clothes for the New Year. May I ask, why? 』
Xun You said: "It''s because of the difference in yield per mu." Guanzi said, "A farmer needs to cultivate a hundred acres all year round, and the harvest from a hundred acres is only twenty minutes." The land of Qilu is richer than that of Qin. If this is the case, what''s more, there was no Zhengguo Canal in the pre-Qin period. ? 』
Pang Tong on the other side also said: "The Qin Dynasty opened the Zhengguo Canal and irrigated more than 40,000 hectares of land, and harvested one acre of it. It was regarded as a grand event and he wrote about it." However, now there are tens of thousands of hectares in Guanzhong, Longyou in the east of the river, and tens of thousands of hectares in Sichuan, Shu and Hanzhong. This is the difference between upper and lower. 』
?Fei Qian nodded slowly.
The rest of the people basically agree with this statement.
Since there are no specific documents, it is impossible to know how much the yield per mu was in ancient China, but it was certainly not much. Firstly, the grain cultivation system has not yet been established, and secondly, the production tools are still very low.
There are only rough descriptions in ancient times. For example, there is a record in "Mencius": "A man has a hundred acres, and a hundred acres of dung. The upper farmer feeds nine people, the last farmer feeds eight people, the middle farmer feeds seven people, the middle farmer feeds six people, and the lower farmer feeds six people." Five people. 』
There are almost identical records in the Book of Rites, indicating that during the Spring and Autumn Period, this yield standard was probably widely recognized. Based on a medium-sized field, the yield was about 80 to 110 kilograms.
Of course, this is the tare weight.
In ancient China, if the harvest was shelled, 20%-30% of its weight would be lost.
The standard recorded by Mencius was in Qilu, a place with relatively flat terrain and convenient irrigation. At that time, the Qin State was Xirong, which was mostly nomadic and had no Zheng Guo Canal. Then bronzes were mainly used as weapons and farmers. Most of them can only use wooden sticks, shovels, etc...
During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, Chinese agriculture underwent revolutionary changes, mainly reflected in the comprehensive development of iron cattle farming and irrigated agriculture. During this period, many major irrigation projects were built in various countries, such as the Hangou dug by Wu State, the Chuangou dug by King Wei Hui of Wei State, the Twelve Canals of Zhangshui River built under the leadership of Ximen Bao of Wei State, Dujiangyan in Shu County of Qin State, Qin State Zheng Guo Canal in Guanzhong, Ling Canal in Lingnan in Qin Dynasty, Shaopi Project in Chu State, etc. The development of iron cattle farming and irrigated agriculture greatly improved agricultural productivity, which was directly reflected in the increase in average grain output.
By the early Han Dynasty, it was basically one stone per acre, or even one and a half stones.
Fei Qian asked: "If this is the case, how can the land increase its yield?" 』
"Haha, this is the four things of planting, fertilizing, irrigating, and plowing that can increase it, and the four things of cultivating, weeding, harvesting, and picking up can detract from it." ” Zao Zhi was of course very familiar with this, and he said in a crackling voice.
Fei Qian nodded again, and then asked: "In this way, during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, when various countries built water conservancy and developed agriculture and mulberry, was it for the people?" To fight? During the four hundred years of the Han Dynasty, the art of water conservancy and farming and mulberry cultivation have been mastered. How can you attach great importance to it? Or why should you take it lightly? 』
Everyone started thinking.
?The answer to this question is not that there is none, but that it is difficult to answer.
After all, the slogans used to be loud.
Therefore, the country must not forget war. Fighting in heaven and earth, fighting inside and outside, it is all. ” Fei Qian said slowly, “Only when we know that there is a war, can we focus on agriculture, mulberry and water conservancy. Only when we know the advantages and disadvantages can we work together to move forward. 』
The Duke of Zhoutian and Jingtian was almost private in the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period. The methods of the former Qin Dynasty could defeat the armies of the six kingdoms, but they were defeated by the people of the six kingdoms. Therefore, it is easy to win the army, but it is not easy to rebel against the people. ” Fei Qian looked at everyone, “So this is why time has changed and circumstances have changed, and what it means to keep pace with the times. People in ancient times cultivated by slash and burn, but now oxen plow and iron plow, how can they be the same? In ancient times, the people were in poverty. There was no land left, and the officials should do nothing to avoid chaos. Nowadays, the people can have a surplus, food and clothing, and they think about honor and disgrace. This is the trend of the times and cannot be stopped. In ancient times, when people were cultivating with swords and plows, they had nothing to wear and nothing to eat. Is it true that no one in the world wants to be like this? 』
"The imperial examination is also what the people want. If you go against it, you will die, if you go with it, you will survive." ” Fei Qian concluded, “Since the beginning of the Han Dynasty, if farmers have their fields, the country will be peaceful and the people will be safe, the world will be at peace, the rule of Wen and Jing will be restored, and the Guangwu Zhongxing will be like this. Today, Guanzhong is victorious over Shandong. It is not because the people of Guanzhong have the ability to be first. It is just because the people of Guanzhong are vying to be first, while in Shandong, only the sons of aristocratic families are vying to be first..."
It is difficult for Fei Qian to popularize a clear theory of productivity and production relations to these people in the Han Dynasty. After all, when Fei Qian was receiving education, it took him a long time to barely understand related issues such as the force and reaction force of productivity and production relations. , then how can we expect people like Han Han, who have no relevant concepts at all, to be able to suddenly understand and draw parallels after just two or three words?
Therefore, Fei Qian can only extend to the imperial examination system from the most basic, that is, what these people can directly observe, and the imperial examination system was indeed gradually born due to the development of productive forces...
The imperial examination is the political pursuit of a large number of people from poor families.
Humble family does not mean they are really poor, but they are small landowners.
The historical imperial examination system came into being in the Sui and Tang Dynasties, and the emergence of a system must have certain conditions. During the Sui and Tang Dynasties, the landlord economy developed rapidly. In the process from war to stability, the society was stable, the economy was prosperous, and the country was prosperous. In such an environment, , the small landowners'' basic life was satisfied, and they began to yearn for politics.
?In order to ensure that their own interests are not arbitrarily deprived of by the upper-level political groups, they will inevitably produce their political representatives and require political interests to be tilted...
This point is often seen even in later generations.
?Well, this refers to the United States.
?The meaning expressed by Fei Qian is not complicated. It is that the times are developing and no one wants to go back to the ancient times and live the hard life.
The same goes for officials.
?Who, after becoming an official, still thinks that he is a member of the "people" and is willing to go back and become a member of the "people"? Except for those few great men and a small number of officials with high faith, I believe that most of the officials would not be willing to be beaten to death.
?Feiqian is no exception.
?The same is true for Pang Tong, Xun You, Sima Yi, etc.
Sometimes you will live if you take one step forward, and you will die if you take one step back.
?Xiong Da has explained everything with his body.
Chinese people are good at summarizing.
?The big man only has three legs: Qingliu, Qingliu, Qingliu, and Eunuch. If one of the legs fails, the big man will become crooked and fall down.
The rulers of the Sui and Tang Dynasties saw the lessons learned from the past and felt that it was necessary to have many feet to be stable. Therefore, a large number of small landowners began to yearn for political power and began to pursue a more detailed and stable life. With the joint efforts of the top and bottom, the imperial examination The examination system came into being.
?Those original monopolies have been put on the street.
Because the emergence of the imperial examination system broke down the previous sectarian views, some people, even if they were born in poverty, could still obtain political status by relying on their true talents and knowledge. It was no longer the case that the aristocratic children could dominate the world with one hand.
?This system of interviews allows children from poor families to see the future and have hope in their hearts, so that they will not fall into despair. At the same time, the officials who have passed the examination have certain talents. Even if they are from a humble background, they can stand up through their own efforts. The unfairness will be relatively reduced, and the accumulated resentment among the people will also be reduced, thus providing a better environment for the people. The overall stability of society brings certain benefits.
?In the eyes of rulers, if they want to stabilize society, prevent people from rioting, and threaten their ruling status, they must come up with a way that can convince everyone. This is the case with the imperial examination system.
??Fei Qian wanted to prevent the crisis of Wei and Jin from recurring in China, not by killing Sima Yi, but by establishing a novel talent selection method, that is, the imperial examination.
The guiding force of the imperial examination is undoubtedly huge, so Confucianism also relies on the imperial examination to maintain its long-lasting prosperity.
What Fei Qian has to do now is to unify his thoughts and let these people spread this thought on his behalf before the imperial examination begins. He also needs to incorporate agriculture, industry, and related ideas at the very beginning of the imperial examination. Industrial examination methods and relevant systems should be formulated to prevent the imperial examination from jumping on one leg and going astray.
“In March, Gongda was in charge of You Fufeng, and Zijing was in charge of the imperial examinations in the counties of Longxi, Longyou.” Fei Qian assigned tasks, “Zhongda was in the north of Shangjun in the east of Hedong, and Ziyu went to Hanzhong. As for Shangdang Taiyuan, Liang Dao is still in charge, and Sichuan and Shu let Yuan Zhi arrange it..."
"Everyone," Fei Qian said with a serious face, "I am here to supervise the imperial examination system, which is of course an important task. However, it is also your important responsibility to gather the bosses from all over the counties and villages to make them know the wonders of the imperial examination and comply with the laws of heaven and earth..."
(End of this chapter)